{"id":117,"date":"2011-04-14T23:22:07","date_gmt":"2011-04-15T06:22:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/virendrachandak.wordpress.com\/?p=117"},"modified":"2014-10-22T23:22:35","modified_gmt":"2014-10-23T06:22:35","slug":"optimizing-websites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.virendrachandak.com\/techtalk\/optimizing-websites\/","title":{"rendered":"Optimizing \/ Speeding up websites"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In this article I will list a few things that can be done to speed up website. I will give just brief description on each topic and give links to find more details on those topics. I have used tools like Google&#8217;s <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Page Speed\" href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Page Speed<\/a>, <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"YSlow\" href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/yslow\/\" rel=\"external nofollow\">YSlow<\/a>, Audits Tab in Chrome&nbsp;Developer&nbsp;Tools.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Minimize the number of HTTP requests<\/strong><br \/>\nThis will help in making lesser connections to fetch the components request to render the page. Here are some methods that can be used to reduce the number of HTTP connections:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Combining images using CSS Sprites<\/li>\n<li>Combining external CSS files<\/li>\n<li>Combining external JavaScript files<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>Following links provide more details on this:<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html#num_http\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Minimize HTTP Requests<\/a> &#8211; Yahoo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>2. Move all CSS to Head section<\/strong><br \/>\nThis helps in making the page appear to be loading faster. The browser would render the page progressively if the&nbsp;Style-sheet&nbsp;is in the Head section. If we load the style sheet near the bottom of the page, the browser may delay rendering of the contents of the page and the user may see just a blank page.<\/p>\n<p>Following links provide more details on this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html#css_top\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Put Stylesheets at the Top<\/a> &#8211; Yahoo<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/rendering.html#PutCSSInHead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Put CSS in the document head<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>3. Minify JS &amp; CSS Files<\/strong><br \/>\nMinification involves removing the comments and unnecessary spaces from the file. This will result in Less Data being fetched. We should minify all the CSS and JavaScript code in external as well as the code which is inline in the HTML file. We should also minify the HTML pages.<\/p>\n<p>Following links provide more details on this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Minify JavaScript and CSS\" href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html#minify\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Minify JavaScript and CSS<\/a>&nbsp;&#8211; Yahoo<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/payload.html#MinifyJS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Minify JavaScript<\/a>&nbsp;&#8211; Google<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/payload.html#MinifyCSS\">Minify CSS<\/a>&nbsp;&#8211; Google<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/payload.html#MinifyHTML\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Minify HTML<\/a>&nbsp;&#8211; Google<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>4. Remove duplicate files<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This would result in Less Connections &amp; Data. If we include the same file multiple times in the page, then the browser would make multiple HTTP requests to fetch these files and also load the same content again and again.<\/p>\n<p>Following links provide more details on this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html#js_dupes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Remove Duplicate Scripts<\/a> &#8211; Yahoo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>5. Remove files &amp; CSS not used.<\/strong><br \/>\nThis would result in Less Connections &amp; Data. Even if we load some external file and not use, it will result in making an HTTP request and the fetching the data, downloading it and then parsing it. This process would take sometime which is actually not useful. So if we remove the unnecessary \/ unused files we can save the above time.<\/p>\n<p>Following links provide more details on this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/payload.html#RemoveUnusedCSS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Remove unused CSS<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>6. Delay loading of JS files until necessary.<\/strong><br \/>\nMove them to the bottom of page if possible.<br \/>\nDeferring loading of JavaScript functions that are not called at startup reduces the initial download size, allowing other resources to be downloaded in parallel, and speeding up execution and rendering time.<br \/>\nThe JS files block the browser until the file is downloaded and parsed. The browser cannot perform any other activity during this period.<\/p>\n<p>Following links provide more details on this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/payload.html#DeferLoadingJS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Defer loading of JavaScript<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html#js_bottom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Put Scripts at the Bottom<\/a> &#8211; Yahoo<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/mobile.html#DeferParsingJS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Defer parsing of JavaScript<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>7. Use caching, add Expire Headers to use the Browser caching<\/strong><br \/>\nThis will result in Less Connections &amp; Data after the 1st visit to the site. We should add expire headers to files that are not frequently changed as this would result in the browser loading the resources from its Cache and not required to fetch it from server.<\/p>\n<p>Following links provide more details on this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html#expires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Add an Expires or a Cache-Control Header<\/a> &#8211; Yahoo<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/caching.html#LeverageBrowserCaching\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Leverage browser caching<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/caching.html#LeverageProxyCaching\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Leverage proxy caching<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html#etags\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Configure ETags<\/a> &#8211; Yahoo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>8. Combine external JS &amp; CSS Files<\/strong><br \/>\nThis will result in Less Connection. When we combine multiple CSS files into one file, we reduce the number of HTTP requests required to fetch the entire CSS. Similarly, if we combine multiple JavaScript files, we save on HTTP requests. This results in lesser delays in downloading other resources.<\/p>\n<p>Following links provide more details on this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/rtt.html#CombineExternalCSS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Combine external CSS<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/rtt.html#CombineExternalJS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Combine external JavaScrip<\/a>t &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>9. Combine images into <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"CSS Sprites\" href=\"http:\/\/www.alistapart.com\/articles\/sprites\/\" rel=\"external nofollow\">CSS sprites<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\nThis would reduce the number of image requests, i.e. less connections. We should combine all the images that are to be loaded at the same time into one image and use CSS to display them.<\/p>\n<p>More details on how to use CSS sprites can be found <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alistapart.com\/articles\/sprites\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Following links provide more details on this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/rtt.html#SpriteImages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Combine images using CSS sprites<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>10. Compress components with <a class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Gzip\" href=\"http:\/\/www.gzip.org\/\" rel=\"external nofollow\">gzip<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This would reduce the response size by about 70% and hence the time required loading the resource. This will result in Less Data. Use this for CSS and JS files and not for images or other binary files. Also, alphabetize HTML &amp; CSS Attributes. This&nbsp;can reduce the size of gzip.<\/p>\n<p>Following links provide more details on this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/payload.html#GzipCompression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Enable compression<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html#gzip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Gzip Components<\/a> &#8211; Yahoo<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/articles\/use-compression.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Use compression to make the web faster<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>11. Load JS asynchronously<\/strong><br \/>\nThis will help in loading multiple resources in parallel and not make the browser wait for the resource to be downloaded completely before processing other requests.<\/p>\n<p>Following links provide more details on this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/rtt.html#PreferAsyncResources\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Prefer asynchronous resources<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>12. Optimize images<\/strong><br \/>\nReducing the size of images can help in less data. We can do lossless compression of images to reduce the size without reducing the quality. Also, we should have the images scaled on the server according to the size which has to be displayed. This can save the browser from downloading lot of data.<\/p>\n<p>Following links provide more details on this:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html#opt_images\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Optimize Images<\/a> &#8211; Yahoo<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/payload.html#CompressImages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Optimize Images<\/a>&nbsp;&#8211; Google<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/payload.html#ScaleImages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Serve scaled images<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html#no_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Don&#8217;t Scale Images in HTML<\/a> &#8211; Yahoo<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html#favicon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Make favicon.ico Small and Cacheable<\/a> &#8211; Yahoo<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/page-speed\/docs\/rendering.html#SpecifyImageDimensions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Specify image dimensions<\/a> &#8211; Google<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration:underline;\">Sources<\/span><\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/developer.yahoo.com\/performance\/rules.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Yahoo Developer Network<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/code.google.com\/speed\/articles\/\" rel=\"external nofollow\">Google code<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/gtmetrix.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\">GTmetrix<\/a> &nbsp;is a good website to perform the above mentioned tests on your website. It gives you analysis from both PageSpeed and YSlow.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration:underline;\"><strong>Note<\/strong><\/span>: &nbsp;I do not take&nbsp;responsibility&nbsp;for proper functioning of the above mentioned steps under all circumstances.&nbsp;If you download any files, programs from my blog then make sure you protect yourself. I am not responsible for any damages &nbsp;to your computer, website, blog, application or any thing else. I am not affiliated with or do not endorse&nbsp;any of the above mentioned sites.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this article I will list a few things that can be done to speed up website. I will give just brief description on each topic and give links to find more details on those topics. I have used tools like Google&#8217;s Page Speed, YSlow, Audits Tab in Chrome&nbsp;Developer&nbsp;Tools.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5,138,8],"tags":[23,26,29,38,39,10,64,81],"class_list":["post-117","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-optimization-tips","category-seo","category-web-development","tag-cache","tag-cascading-style-sheets","tag-css-sprites","tag-gzip","tag-html","tag-javascript","tag-style-sheets","tag-web-page"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Optimizing \/ Speeding up websites - Virendra&#039;s TechTalk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this article I will list a few things that can be done to speed up website. 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